![]() The rationale of the present review is to compare the current knowledge of the cell biological characteristics of SCLC and ES and to derive from both tumor entities, distinguished by a dismal prognosis, clues in regard to the mechanisms of chemoresistance and possible improvements of the therapeutic regimens. Chemotherapy regimens are similar for SCLC and ES with very low survival rates in metastatic patients. The distinct genomic changes found in these tumors converge to a phenotype distinguished by high proliferation, early dissemination and profound refractoriness to present regimens of chemotherapy, either primary or in advanced stages or in relapses. ![]() ![]() In order to develop novel approaches, a comparison of the biological characteristics of SCLC and ES may help to identify the key mechanisms of chemoresistance. Whereas ES affects a very small population of mostly juveniles, SCLC is responsible for the death of a considerable fraction of lung cancer patients. Clearly, SCLC and ES are different tumor entities deriving from neuroendocrine and neuroendocrine/mesenchymal precursors, respectively. Treatment comprises an arsenal of conventional cytotoxic drugs in multimodal combination regimens due to the failure of novel drugs and targeted therapy for the last decades. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) represent highly aggressive malignancies that show extensive metastatic potential, high chemoresistance in advanced stages and a dismal prognosis.
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